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The transportation of goods is subject to different rate models, depending on the size of the shipment and the mode of transportation used. The exact rate type and conditions must be specified on each offer or tariff sheet.
Trucking rates are generally based on one of the following rate structures.
Weight
In this model, the price is usually calculated per 100 kg of the shipment. Each unit started is rounded up to the next higher unit. The rate can be based on either actual weight or volumetric weight, whichever is greater.
Loading meter
The number of loading meters (LDM) of a shipment is calculated using the following formula: Length × width of the shipment in meters, divided by the inside width of the truck (2.4 meters).
If the shipment consists of several items that can be stacked two, three, or more layers high in the truck, the calculated loading meters can be further divided by the stacking factor (2, 3, etc.).
Motor vehicle/swap body
This price quotation refers to a complete transport unit, e.g. to a truck towing vehicle or a trailer.
Full truck
In this model, the price is based on the use of a full truck (semitrailer or motor vehicle with trailer).
Air and sea freight rates are quoted based on either the actual weight or the volumetric weight, whichever is higher.
For light but bulky shipments, transportation costs are often based not on actual weight, but on what is known as volumetric weight.
Volumetric weight is calculated using the following conversion factors:
Air freight: 0,006
Sea freight: 0,001
Truck shipping: 0,003, 0,004 oder 0,005
The exact conversion factor may vary depending on the country or transport company.
The volumetric weight is calculated as follows:
Length x width x height[m]
———————————— = Volumetric weight [kg]
Conversion factor
Example: Calculating the Volumetric Weight of a Truck Shipment
The shipment dimensions are: 50 cm × 30 cm × 10 cm
1. Convert to meters and multiply
50 cm × 30 cm × 10 cm ➔ 0.50 m × 0.30 m × 0.10 m = 0.015 m³
2. Divide by the conversion factor:
0.015 ÷ 0.004 = 3.75 kg ➔ rounded up = 4 kg
If the volumetric weight is higher than the actual weight, the volumetric weight will be used to calculate transport costs.
For example, if the actual weight of this truck shipment is only 3.6 kg, the cost would be calculated based on the 4 kg volumetric weight.
Beispiel: Air freight shipment
Calculating the volumetric weight of an air freight shipment with dimensions 80 × 120 × 200 cm:
0,80 m x 1,20 m x 2,00 m = 1,92 m3
1,92 : 0,006 = 320 kg
